Female genital sores are skin abnormalities that can appear on or around the genital or vaginal area in women. They can range in appearance from bumps, blisters, or lumps, to open sores or ulcers. They can be painful or itchy and may cause other symptoms like discharge or bleeding. The cause of female genital sores can vary depending on the type of sore, but common causes include infections, allergic reactions, or skin conditions. Female genital sores can sometimes be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or a skin infection.
Genital sores may appear as small, red, or flesh-coloured bumps and blisters. Sores may also change appearance and become crusty or larger.
Symptoms of female genital sores
The symptoms of female genital sores can vary depending on the cause, but some common symptoms include painful or itchy bumps, blisters, or lumps in the genital area; open sores or ulcers in the genital area; redness, swelling, or tenderness in the genital area; discharge or bleeding from the genital area;
pain during urination; pain during sexual intercourse, and swollen lymph nodes.
What causes vulva or vaginal sores?
STDs are the most common cause of genital sores. STIs and STDs are typically transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal sex without a condom or other barrier method.
However, other intimate acts involving genital or skin-to-skin contact can increase your risk. The same goes for sharing sex toys or using the same condom with more than one partner.
STDs that can cause genital sores include genital herpes, which is caused by a virus; genital warts, which are caused by a virus; chancroid, a bacterial disease; syphilis, a bacterial infection, and molluscum contagiosum, a viral skin infection with raised, flat pearly nodules.
Some chronic skin conditions may also lead to genital sores. They include eczema, a general skin inflammation; vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulva and vagina; contact dermatitis – sensitivity to chemicals, detergents, and perfumes; cysts, and ingrown hairs.
Sometimes, even a scratch can become infected and cause a genital sore. Bumps and lumps around your vulva that bleed or don’t go away can also be signs of vulva cancer and will require immediate medical attention.
How are sores on or around the vulva and vagina diagnosed?
Depending on the suspected cause of the sores, your healthcare professional may recommend one or more lab tests, such as:
Blood test: Blood tests can help diagnose certain STDs that may cause genital sores.
Swab test: A swab of the sore can be taken to test for bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. This can help diagnose conditions like herpes, syphilis, or yeast infections.
Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy of the sore may be recommended. A small tissue sample is taken and examined under a microscope to determine the cause of the sore.
Treatment for sores on or around the vulva and vagina
Over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatories, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil), can help relieve general pain and discomfort. Topical corticosteroid creams, such as hydrocortisone, may help with itching.
Beyond that, the exact form of treatment will depend on the underlying cause. For example, some STDs, such as genital herpes, are incurable — but outbreaks can be treated with medication. Other genital sores, such as noncancerous cysts, don’t always require treatment.
Your healthcare professional may prescribe:
Antibiotics: If the sores are caused by a bacterial infection, such as syphilis or chancroid, antibiotics should clear the infection. It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
Antifungal medications: If the sores are caused by a fungal infection, such as a yeast infection, antifungal creams, ointments, or oral medications can be used.
Antiviral medications: If the sores are caused by a viral infection, such as herpes, antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. These medications may be taken orally or applied topically.
Preventing female genital sores
Consistently and correctly using condoms can reduce the risk of developing or transmitting STIs and STDs. Other safer sex practices, like routine testing and preventive medications, can also reduce the risk.
If the sores are caused by friction or irritation, certain lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose-fitting clothing and using lube during sex, can help prevent recurrence.
Genital sores due to skin conditions or allergic reactions may be more difficult to prevent. Avoid known irritants, such as abrasive soaps or strong fragrance.
